'The All-Species Living Tree' Project

Five international partners together with the journal Systematic and Applied Microbiology (SAM) have started “The All-Species Living Tree” project to provide a useful tool especially for the scientific microbial taxonomist community. The aim of the project is to reconstruct a single 16S rRNA tree harboring all sequenced type strains of the hitherto classified species of Archaea and Bacteria.

This tree will be regularly updated by adding the species with validly published names that appear monthly in the validation and notification lists of the International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. For this purpose, the SAM executive editors, together with the responsible teams of the ARB, SILVA, and LPSN projects (www.arb-home.de, www.arb-silva.de, and www.bacterio.cict.fr, respectively) have prepared a 16S rRNA database which contains over 7000 sequences, each of which represents a single type strain of a classified species.

New releases will be announced in the News section of the SILVA main page!

Background information for current release (LTP 100, September 2009)

The selection of sequences had to be undertaken manually due to a high error rate in the names and information fields provided for the publicly deposited entries. In addition, among multiple entries for a single type strain, the best quality sequence was selected for the project. The living tree database provides corrected entries and the best quality sequences with a manually checked alignment. In total, with LTP release 100, 750 new distinct species (table1.pdf) have been incorporated into the database and tree. The tree reconstruction has been performed by using the maximum likelihood algorithm RAxML. The tree provided in the current release is a result of the calculation of a dataset containing 10,950 single entries, 7,710 corresponding to type strain gene sequences, as well as 3,240 additional high quality sequences to give robustness to the reconstruction.

Trees are dynamic structures that change on the basis of the quality and availability of the data used for their calculation. Therefore, the addition of new type strain sequences in subsequent releases may help to resolve certain branching orders that appear ambiguous in this first release.

Sequencing the 'Orphan' Species

In the course of curating our type strains database, we found that about 9% of the hitherto validly published species of Bacteria and Archaea do not have at least one ribosomal SSU sequence of enough quality for in depth phylogenetic studies. These type strains have either never been sequenced (we call them orphans, see table4.pdf) or their sequence is too bad to be included in the LTP (table5.pdf).

Consequently,   nine   international   partners   (DSMZ,   CCUG,   NBRC,   CIP,   LMG,   CECT,   ATCC,   JCM   and NCCB) have already joined us in a novel initiative for type strain sequencing. The aim, for the first time, is to have the 16S rRNA gene sequenced for all validly published species of Bacteria and Archaea which are available from these culture collections.

Downloads (updated)

Released: 28-09-2009

LTP_s100

Release information:

README (PDF)

LTP dataset based on SILVA release 100 (ARB format):  

LTP_s100_opt.arb

Description of fields introduced by the LTP:

LTP_description_of_fields.pdf

Trees:

Full Tree (PDF), Overview (SVG), Newick format

Alignments:

Typestrains (aligned), Typestrains (compressed)

New species added to the database:

table1.pdf

Mistakes in the new entries:

table2.pdf

Heterotypic synonyms (updated):

table3.pdf

'Orphan' species (updated):

table4.pdf

Species without any good quality 16SrRNA sequence in public repositories (updated):

table5.pdf

Additional files and former releases are available at the

file archive

Paper & Citation

Yarza, P., M. Richter, J. Peplies, J. Euzeby, R. Amann, K. H. Schleifer, W. Ludwig, F. O. Glöckner, and R. Rossello-Mora. 2008. The All-Species Living Tree project: A 16S rRNA-based phylogenetic tree of all sequenced type strains. Syst Appl Microbiol 31:241-250. doi:10.1016/j.syapm.2008.07.001

The Living Tree Project Partners

Rosselló-Móra, R., Yarza, P., Richter M.
Institut Mediterrani d’Estudis Avançats (CSIC-UIB), E-07004 Esporles, Mallorca, Spain
Schleifer, K.-H., Ludwig, W.
Lehrstuhl  für Mikrobiologie, Technische Universität München, D-85350 Freising, Germany
Euzéby, J
Société de Bactériologie Systématique et Vétérinaire (SBSV) & École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), F-31076 Toulouse cedex 03, France
Glöckner, F.O., Amann, R.
Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, D-28359 Bremen, Germany
Peplies J.
Ribocon GmbH, D-28359 Bremen, Germany

 

For feedback and questions please send a message to:

living-tree (at) arb-silva.de